Blog Writing Entry 4
Arguments and Evidence (what is the evidence?)
In critical literacy, every arguments presented by the critical reviewer are crucial to insert at least an evidence in order to help strengthen the arguments from the text. The definition of evidence is information that contributes a strong reason or proof to validate the arguments in the sense of the trustworthiness of the arguments especially to the reader. Evidence can be divided into two types, the circumstantial evidence and testimonial evidence. The circumstantial evidence is where the gathering of information or evidence in the absent of witness to testify for the crime.
Testimonial evidence is an evidence that required by testifying from the witness themselves usually can be found in criminal cases where law enforcers call up several witnesses to testify. Different type of evidence also can be used accordingly to the different type of situation for instance in the reading materials, some of the reader prefer to choose between circumstantial or testimonial evidence (maybe both) in order to strengthen their arguments in the text.
Statistics and, Crooked and Fallacious Thinking
Statistics refers to inform about any phenomenon or activity expressed in an understandable numerical form, it also stand for the art and science of collecting, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data. Statistics is a tool for human to make the maximum use of quantitative measurements and assessments. The significant of statistics derived from human tendency to closely relate the facts with figures. Somehow raw or unrefined data can be carelessly accumulated can also be consider as useless or even meaningless. There are common statistical slips such as unqualified averages, fallacious sampling, and percentages unaccompanied by actual number; and misleading presentation.
The development of crooked and fallacious thinking in human is perhaps be molded by our tendency to be mislead and misunderstood as many of us are not aware of the fact that shaped their thought and communication processes. There are common forms of fallacious and crooked thinking such as transfer device, circular argument, false analogy and either-or assumption.
Blog Writing Entry 5
Audience and Impact
Every piece of writing or article published for a certain audience and has certain level effectiveness for the writer in achieving his/her purpose on the audience or also known as impact. In order to answer the question the audience and impact section of the article. Firstly, we should consider asking ourselves ‘who is the intended audience for the article?’ and ‘what is the likely impact/effect of the text have on the audience?’ The audience sometime is easy to identify than impact (which require intensive analysis), for example, it is not very difficult to speculate or predict the readers of a magazines or newspapers you may pick in the library or a book store. Nevertheless, we should be cautious while examining or judging the impact of texts as the readers are different in term of the acceptance and response between them to the texts.
Types of Exposition
There are two types of exposition; analytical and hortatory exposition. Each of them has similarity but with specific characteristic which make them different to each others such as hortatory exposition is ‘persuaded to’. Meanwhile, analytical exposition is ‘persuaded that’. Hortatory exposition is used to explain or giving clarification the reason for improvement for instances a certain problem or issues confront by a society in the micro level or government in the macro level. Analytical exposition is used to explain things or issues as they used to be without any recommendation. Analytical exposition usually associated with academicals speeches and writing. Whereas, hortatory exposition can be found in political speeches, letters to the editor or behavioral memos posted by school administration or employer in order to shape students or employee’s attitude.
Metaphor
Metaphor is considered for most people as the device for poetic imagination and where rhetorical flourished as a matter of extraordinary rather than ordinary language that’s we usually use as the main method of communication in our daily basis. Metaphor plays a vital role in different levels; at the general level of word meaning and also in discourse.
Blog Writing Entry 6
Critical Literacy in General
After 5 month of learning from mistakes and perfecting my critical skills at the same time through rigorous exercises and portfolios practices by my beloved lecturer, Madam Jamie. I had learned many from the 10 elements of Critical Literacy (topic, content, source, audience, rhetorical function, purpose, perspective, positioning, impact and visual literacy) in order to make better understanding on every texts or articles that’s apparently I will encounter in future. During the final assignment, I also learned how to evaluate my classmate’s critical review and I loved it very much. That concluded everything that I had to said about Critical Literacy and until the next blog entry, goodbye and may Allah bless us with better and less chaotic future. Amin.
